Jade Small
Jade Small
December 11, 2024 ·  3 min read

World’s oldest known wooden structure pre-dates our species

Archaeologists in Zambia have uncovered a groundbreaking find—a wooden structure dating back 476,000 years, long before Homo sapiens walked the Earth. This remarkable discovery at Kalambo Falls sheds new light on the advanced abilities of early human ancestors, showcasing their ingenuity in shaping and utilizing wood. The findings, published in Nature, challenge longstanding assumptions about the technological capabilities of early hominins and their way of life.

A Historic Discovery at Kalambo Falls

wooden structure, showing where Stone Age humans
The wooden structure, showing where Stone Age humans have cut into the wood. CREDIT: Larry Barham/University of Liverpool.

Nestled near the towering 772-foot Kalambo Falls on the Zambia-Tanzania border, the wooden structure was unearthed in 2019. It consists of two interlocking logs, expertly joined with a cut notch, marking the earliest known instance of deliberate wood shaping. Tool marks on the logs, along with a collection of wooden tools, suggest that these early humans had developed a high level of craftsmanship.

The Oldest Evidence of Wooden Construction

Tribe of Hunter-Gatherers Wearing Animal Skin Live in a Cave. Leader Brings Animal Prey from Hunting, Female Cooks Food on Bonfire, Girl Drawing on Wals Creating Art. Neanderthal Homo Sapiens Family
Source: Shutterstock

This find is significant as it predates the evolution of modern humans by over 120,000 years. The structure may have served as a raised platform, walkway, or the foundation for shelters in the wet floodplain. Previously, wood use during this era was limited to tools like spears and fire-making implements, making this discovery a testament to early innovation.

A New Perspective on the Stone Age

Primeval Caveman Wearing Animal Skin Trying to make a Fire with Bow Drill Method. Neanderthal Kindle First Man-Made fire in the Human Civilization History. Making Fire for Cooking.
Source: Shutterstock

Archaeologist Larry Barham of the University of Liverpool emphasized that this discovery challenges traditional views of the “Stone Age.” These early humans demonstrated creativity and problem-solving skills by constructing something entirely new and functional. Their efforts to modify their environment reveal a sophisticated understanding of their surroundings.

Evidence of Settled Life

Primeval Caveman Wearing Animal Skin Hits Rock with Sharp Stone and Makes First Primitive Tool for Hunting Animal Prey or to Handle Hides. Neanderthal Using Handax. Dawn of Human Civilization
Source: Shutterstock

The discovery also questions the notion that Stone Age humans were solely nomadic. Kalambo Falls provided a reliable water source and abundant wood, suggesting that these early communities may have built semi-permanent structures, transforming their environment to suit their needs.

Dating Techniques Unlock the Past

Primeval Caveman Wearing Animal Skin Exploring Cave At Night, Holding Torch with Fire Looking at Drawings on the Walls at Night. Neanderthal Searching Safe Place to Spend the Night
Source: Shutterstock

Dating artifacts of this age is a complex process, but researchers utilized advanced luminescence dating techniques. By analyzing minerals in the surrounding sand, they determined the wood’s age to be nearly half a million years, offering a new glimpse into the timeline of human evolution.

Kalambo Falls: A Site of Archaeological Significance

Kalambo Falls in Zambia
Kalambo Falls in Zambia where the wood was found. CREDIT: Geoff Duller/Aberystwyth University.

Kalambo Falls has been a treasure trove for archaeologists since the 1950s, though earlier excavations lacked the technology to fully appreciate its significance. Today, the site is under consideration for UNESCO World Heritage status due to its rich historical importance.

Part of the Deep Roots of Humanity Project

Neanderthal man, primitive caveman in the skin, troglodyte
Source: Shutterstock

This discovery is part of the Deep Roots of Humanity project, an interdisciplinary effort to understand technological advancements during the Stone Age. Researchers believe that Kalambo Falls holds even more secrets waiting to be uncovered.

A Legacy of Human Innovation

Tribe of Hunter-Gatherers Wearing Animal Skin Holding Stone Tipped Tools, Explore Prehistoric Forest in a Hunt for Animal Prey. Neanderthal Family Hunting in the Jungle or Migrating for Better Land
Source: Shutterstock

The wooden structure at Kalambo Falls redefines what we know about early human ancestors, showcasing their ability to innovate and adapt. These findings bridge the gap between past and present, highlighting the shared creativity and resilience that connects us to our ancient predecessors.

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